Humans grow because of the human growth hormone (HGH). Technically, HGH is a minute protein substance, made of 190 amino acids. It naturally occurs in the body, secreted by cells called somatotrophs, hence its other name, somatotropin. The cells are found in the anterior pituitary gland, lodged deep inside the brain.
Growth occurs when HGH compels the liver and other organs to release IGF-I, which in turn stimulates the bones to grow. IGF-I is also known to stimulate growth in muscles.
Its eponymous function aside, HGH is responsible for many vital metabolic processes. For one, HGH stimulates protein anabolism in the body. It is just as responsible for stabilizing glucose levels in the blood. Plus, it stimulates breakdown of triglycerides, effectively utilizing fats.
While the body manufactures it for life, HGH could only make someone grow tall for so long. Scientists, fortunately, isolated HGH successfully in 1956. In a milestone, synthetic HGH was first dispensed to children in 1959. By the early 1970s, scientists had identified the structure of the hormone.
In formative years, scientists synthesized HGH from entire pituitary glands, which had to be removed from human cadavers. Genetic engineers changed all that in recent years, relying solely on recombinant DNA technology to ensure an endless supply of synthetic HGH.
HGH supplements are primarily indicated for pathologically stunted children. Growth hormone-deficient children everywhere can take the supplements to increase muscle mass, bone density, or just plainly correct growth retardation.
HGH has gone on to find other uses. In AIDS-infected patients, HGH is used to fend off disease-related muscle wasting.
HGH supplements have different effects for adults who have otherwise grown normally. Athletes take synthesized HGH to artificially increase their muscle mass and enhance their performance. Some studies also found connections between HGH and slow ageing.
Humans aren’t the only ones who benefit from synthetic HGH. The supplements can be administered to cattle to stimulate production of milk.